What is teen conduct disorder?

Signs, symptoms, and treatment

We all make mistakes, don’t we? Especially when we’re kids. Yet, the mistakes we make are often one-offs, and we tend to be filled with guilt after the fact.

What if this isn’t the case for you or a teen in your life? Perhaps their behavior has been escalating to criminal activity or violence, and they seem to show no guilt for this. If you’re an adult witnessing this, it can be pretty distressing. We want the best for our children, and watching them go down the wrong path with no regrets can be scary. 

If you’re experiencing this right now, the teen in your life could be struggling with a conduct disorder. But how do you know if it’s a conduct disorder? And what do you do about it if it is? 

Below, we’ll answer all of your questions on teen conduct disorder, including the treatment options available, so you can give them the support they need. 

Boys with conduct disorder fighting

What Is Teen Conduct Disorder?

Conduct disorder is a mental health condition that affects between 2 and 10% of children and adolescents. It tends to be more common in boys, and in fact, 12 boys will be diagnosed with conduct disorder for every 1 girl.1

Teens typically receive a diagnosis for conduct disorder when they show highly antisocial or aggressive behaviors. These behaviors tend to break laws and rules or violate other people’s rights. 
While we’d typically expect anyone showing these behaviors to feel guilty or upset afterward, this often isn’t the case for teens with conduct disorder. Those diagnosed with the condition tend to have little to no remorse for their actions and the consequences of these. This can be pretty disturbing and frustrating for those around them! However, it’s important to remember that conduct disorder is a mental health condition. Teens struggling with this disorder deserve compassion, kindness, and support as much as anyone else. 

Types of Warning Signs of Conduct Disorder in Teens

The warning signs of conduct disorder in teens generally appear as patterns of behavior that go against social norms and violate others’ rights. Recognizing defiance and anger in youth with conduct disorder is vital, as it helps you identify if they need support. The symptoms of oppositional behaviors linked to anger in teens are1:
  • Total Disregard for Rules: For example, staying out past their curfew, not attending school, not answering their phone, and engaging in risk-taking behaviors. 
  • Criminal Damage: Teens with conduct disorder often cause “deliberate” damage to other people’s property. For example, they may set fires or graffiti buildings.
  • Aggressive Towards Others: Bullying and threatening behavior are common in teens with conduct disorder and tend to be more severe than what we would typically see in adolescents. They may be cruel or abusive to animals or other people, use weapons, or start fights. 
  • Frequent Lying and Stealing: Teens with conduct disorder frequently lie and deceive. They may also shoplift, break into other’s cars or houses, or forge signatures or documents.
Many children with conduct disorder will show these warning signs before age 10, so it’s important to bear this in mind when considering if a teen in your life is struggling with this condition.1 Experts state that the more physical aggression a teen with conduct disorder is, the more in need of support they are. Therefore, if a teen in your life has been engaging in physically aggressive behaviors, it’s imperative that you reach out to a mental health treatment program.1:
Teen girl with conduct disorder with head in hands

Effects of Conduct Disorder on a Teen’s Life

Unfortunately, teens with conduct disorder can have a tough time in many aspects of their lives. Conduct disorder may make it difficult for these children to complete high school, and the criminal behavior that’s common with this condition may lead to convictions and other consequences.2 

What’s more, the disregard for other people’s rights and property, as well as the aggression towards others, can make it very difficult for teens with conduct disorder to make and keep
healthy friendships.3 These same behaviors can also strain family relationships, potentially leading to relationship breakdowns within the family unit.4

Causes and Risk Factors of Teen Conduct Disorder

Teen conduct disorder is a complex condition that doesn’t have one clear-cut cause. Instead, a combination of genetic and environmental factors can make a conduct disorder diagnosis more likely. Let’s explore each in more depth:

Genetic Risk Factors of Teen Conduct Disorder

Studies suggest that it’s highly likely that genetics play a big role in teen conduct disorder. Research suggests that the heritability of conduct disorder is potentially as high as 40-70%, suggesting that conduct disorder may be passed on.5

Research into the genes associated with teen conduct disorder is still ongoing. However, experts highlight the following genes as potentially relevant
6:

  • MAOA Gene: Some experts believe that variants of the MAOA gene could link to conduct disorder and the antisocial behaviors associated with this.
  • SLC6A4 Gene: This gene is involved in regulating a “happy” hormone called serotonin. This gene has been linked to the aggression and irritability we often see in teens with conduct disorder.
  • AVPR1A Gene: Research highlights the potential relationship between this gene and antisocial behaviors in conduct disorder. 

This is not an exhaustive or conclusive list, and more research is needed to fully understand the influences genetics has on conduct disorder in teens. 

Environmental Risk Factors of Teen Conduct Disorder

The environment a teen lives in is also very important when it comes to conduct disorder. Evidence suggests that 14-32% of the differences in teens with conduct disorder may stem from their environment.5

Environmental factors that may increase the risk of conduct disorder in teens are:
  • Domestic violence in the home
  • Marital conflict between parents
  • Harsh or abusive parenting styles
  • Parents showing criminal behavior
  • Lack of structure in the home environment
  • No or little parental supervision and guidance
  • High levels of gang violence in the community

Teens might also be more at risk of conduct disorder if they struggle with developmental delays or experience a traumatic brain injury. 

Finally, various mental health conditions have also been linked to teen conduct disorder. ADHD, anxiety, and depression all commonly co-occur with conduct disorder.
7,8

However, it’s difficult to pinpoint whether teen conduct disorder leads to difficulties in mental health or the other way around.

Conduct Disorder Therapy and Treatment Options

As conduct disorder is a mental health condition, therapy is vital to help them cope. There are several types of therapy that are particularly useful for teens with conduct disorder. Let’s explore each below. However, as you’re reading through this list, remember that therapy is highly individual, and the best approach for your teen is unique to them.

Residential and Inpatient Programs

Residential and inpatient programs offer a highly structured, stable environment where experienced mental health professionals are available at all times. 

This treatment option works well for teens who are struggling with severe conduct disorder and whose symptoms are significantly disrupting their lives. It’s also an excellent treatment option if teens haven’t responded well to less intensive treatment methods. 

At Mission Prep, we offer residential mental health programs for teens tailored to each individual’s symptoms and situation. We also offer support for a range of mental health difficulties, including conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and self-harm. 

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Evidence suggests that CBT is a highly effective treatment approach for teens with conduct disorder. Firstly, it helps them identify the negative thinking patterns that may be worsening the symptoms associated with their condition. It also teaches them coping strategies and ways to modify their unhealthy behaviors.9

At Mission Prep, we provide
CBT in individual, group, and family therapy settings, ensuring your teen gets the support that’s right for them. 

Anger-Focused Behavioral Therapy

Anger-focused behavioral therapy supports teens to understand the physical and psychological underpinnings of anger and how to identify their triggers. It teaches them healthier coping strategies, using skills such as:
  • Deep breathing
  • Progressive muscle relaxation
  • Problem-solving
  • Healthy communication
  • Cognitive restructuring (whereby they replace their negative thoughts with more positive, realistic ones).

Giving teens with conduct disorder guidance on
anger management, as well as the tools they need to calm themselves in moments of anger and stress, has proven highly effective.10

Family and Peer Support

When we mentioned the environmental risk factors of conduct disorder in teens earlier, you may have noticed that many of these relate to the family unit. Family involvement and community support are crucial when helping a teen with conduct disorder manage and cope with their condition.11 

At Mission Prep, we understand the importance family plays in a teen’s life, so we prioritize family involvement in our treatment programs. This way, not only will the teen receive support and learn new coping strategies, but so will their family members. 

This approach allows the whole family to work together, which can reduce the disruption the family experiences as a result of a teen’s conduct disorder. 

Emotion Regulation and Social Skills Training

Children with conduct disorder often struggle with the skills to regulate their emotions, which may be a factor leading to their antisocial and disruptive behavior. 

In treatment programs such as those we offer at Mission Prep, teens learn effective ways to regulate their emotions and improve their social skills, allowing them to build healthy relationships and resolve conflicts in peaceful ways.

Get Support for Teen Conduct Disorder Today

Teen conduct disorders are difficult for everyone involved: it’s incredibly tough for the teens trying to cope with the mental health condition and difficult for their loved ones to see their aggressive and disruptive behaviors. 

It’s not easy knowing how to support a teen struggling with a conduct disorder. Fortunately, you don’t have to do so alone. At Mission Prep, we provide comprehensive support, not only for the teens affected by mental ill-health, but also for their loved ones.

If you’re a teen needing support or an adult looking to get caring, compassionate support for your child, know that we’re here to help. We also recognize that money is often on people’s minds when considering getting therapeutic help, which is why we provide comprehensive insurance coverage.

Reach out to us for support today.

References

  1. Mohan, L., Yilanli, M., & Ray, S. (2023). Conduct Disorder. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
  2. Erskine, H. E., Norman, R. E., Ferrari, A. J., Chan, G. C. K., Copeland, W. E., Whiteford, H. A., & Scott, J. G. (2016). Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10), 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016
  3. Theule, J., Germain, S. M., Cheung, K., Hurl, K. E., & Markel, C. (2016). Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder and attachment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 2, 232–255.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-016-0031-8
  4. Roberts, R., McCrory, E., Joffe, H., De Lima, N., & Viding, E. (2018). Living with conduct problem youth: Family functioning and parental perceptions of their child. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 595–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1088-6
  5. Demontis, D., Consortium, N. A., Group, N. P. a. W., & Consortium, N. I. (2019). Identification of Genetic Risk Factors for Conduct Disorder/Oppositional Defiant Disorder in the context of ADHD. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, S734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.059
  6. Salvatore, J. E., & Dick, D. M. (2018). Genetic influences on conduct disorder. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 91, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.034
  7. Gnanavel, S., Sharma, P., Kaushal, P., & Hussain, S. (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity: A review of literature. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 7(17), 2420–2426. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i17.2420
  8. Brown, T. R., Kablinger, A. S., Trestman, R., Bath, E., Rogers, C., Lin, B. Y., & Xu, K. Y. (2024). Psychiatric comorbidities in children with conduct disorder: A descriptive analysis of real-world data. General Psychiatry, 37(2). https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/37/2/e101501
  9. Kumuyi, D. O., Akinnawo, E. O., Akpunne, B. C., Akintola, A. A., Onisile, D. F., & Aniemeka, O. O. (2022). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and social skills training in management of conduct disorder. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 28. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajpsyc/article/view/241249
  10. Sagar, R., Patra, B. N., & Patil, V. (2019). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of conduct disorder. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(Suppl 2), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_539_18
  11. McDonald, R. J., Signal, T., & Canoy, D. (2021). Family therapy for conduct disorder: Parent/caregiver perspectives on active ingredients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 42(2), 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1447