Limerence and Low Self-Esteem in Teens: Support for Teen Self-Worth and Romantic Obsession

For many parents, adolescence can feel like unknown territory. It may seem like one day, your child is playing with dolls, but the next they’re wrapped up in a new romance. And while crushes are often a normal part of adolescence, they can sometimes shift into something more complex: limerence.
Limerence – also known as a “romantic obsession” – can make a teen’s confidence feel dependent upon their crush, affecting schoolwork, friendships, and mental health. If you suspect that this is something your teen is experiencing, understanding the link between limerence and low self-esteem in teens can help you better support their sense of self.
If you’re concerned that limerence may be affecting your teen, talking to a mental health professional is advised. They can help you get to the root of the issue and figure out more balanced ways to cope. This page can also help you understand the link between limerence and low self-esteem in teens by exploring:
- What limerence and self-esteem are
- The ways in which obsessive thinking and confidence issues connect
- How low self-esteem fuels limerence
- The impact of limerence on adolescents
- Coping strategies for limerence and confidence
- Therapy for limerence-related self-worth issues
- Where to find professional support
Understanding Limerence and Self-Esteem in Teens
If your teenager seems to be intensely focused on a crush, you may initially dismiss it as being “young love.” Yet, limerence is distinctly different. The term was originally coined by psychologist Dorothy Tennov, and describes an involuntary, all-consuming obsession with another person – the “limerent object” (LO).1,2
Limerence is typically characterized by intrusive thoughts about the LO, an intense longing for reciprocation, and emotional dependency. This obsession can go on to interfere with a teen’s well-being and friendships, and may make getting through the day a real challenge.
For example, in daily life, this may look like a teen:3,4
- Constantly checking their phone for new messages
- Re-reading past communication
- Overanalyzing every glance or comment from their romantic interest
- Spending lengthy amounts of time fantasizing about previous or potential future interactions with their crush
However, limerence doesn’t only affect a teen’s behavior; it can also affect their self-esteem, with romantic obsessive thoughts affecting confidence. For instance, their self-worth may become tied to their LO’s attention, influencing how they view themselves.5 This shows how limerence can quietly chip away at how a teen feels.
Limerence, Obsessive Thinking and Confidence Issues
One of the hallmarks of limerence is the intrusive nature of obsessive thoughts and self-confidence issues. More specifically, what differentiates limerence from a normal crush is its nonstop, all-consuming nature.
You may notice your teen spends hours ruminating about their crush to feel more “certain” about the LO’s feelings.6 Or, they may agonize over what they should have said or done differently when they last interacted, a self-critical voice piping up, driven by fear of rejection, abandonment, or inadequacy. This shows how limerent rumination about a crush and self-esteem are intrinsically linked.
This mental overload often leads to:
- Difficulty concentrating: Concentration can become challenging when a teen’s mind constantly drifts to the LO. They may find their focus on a crush affecting school or activities like chores or conversations.
- Mood swings: When their LO notices them, a teen may feel euphoric. In contrast, feeling ignored can bring deep despair.
- Anxiety and stress: The ceaseless need for reassurance and validation from the LO may create a constant state of internalized tension.
Romantic obsessive thoughts can quietly erode a teenager’s sense of self-worth, showing the link between limerence and low self-esteem in teens.7 They might even begin to believe that their value is completely dependent on the LO’s approval, leaving them feeling wholly inadequate and lost without them.
How Low Self-Esteem Fuels Romantic Obsession
At the core of many limerent experiences, particularly in adolescence, is a struggle with low self-esteem.8 When teens lack a strong internal sense of self-worth, they often seek validation externally, for instance, through achievements or looking to others for reassurance. This means that the “perfect” LO may then become a person to project their hopes for love, belonging, and acceptance onto.9
Low self-esteem can also be amplified by social comparison in teens and romantic obsession. With social media being so easily accessible, adolescents may be constantly bombarded with images showing “ideal” relationships online. Seeing these images may lead them to believe that if their LO reciprocated their feelings, they would finally measure up to what they see on their feeds. This might then fuel the belief that their worth is tied to something external – their success in relationships – rather than their intrinsic qualities.
For teens who lack confidence, the LO may also represent a “missing piece” of the puzzle that can fill an emotional gap through approval, validation, or reassurance.10 Yet, the more they rely on their crush for validation, the weaker their self-worth typically becomes.
The Impact of Limerence on Adolescents
One of the most concerning signs for parents is when an obsessive crush begins to take a toll on their child. This isn’t about them being a little more distracted than usual; it’s a total shift in their priorities, observed through their neglecting things that were once important to them.
For instance, if your teen has limerence, you might notice:
- Academic decline: Grades slipping, missing assignment deadlines, or generally losing interest in their schoolwork due to mental energy being directed fully toward the LO.
- Withdrawal from hobbies: If your teen used to love sports, music, or other extracurricular activities, these may fall by the wayside as they spend more time on their crush.
- Social isolation: When a teen obsesses over one person, isolation often follows as they spend less time with their usual friendship group. This means their social world might shrink until it revolves only around their love interest.
- A drop in emotional well-being: Mood swings can be common with limerence due to the sudden “highs” and “lows” of reciprocation and rejection, as well as anxiety from living in a constant state of uncertainty.10
- Poorer self-esteem: A teen’s sense of self-worth may become dependent on the validation and reassurance of the LO, with self-doubt rising if their feelings aren’t returned. The self-worth impact of teen limerence can be profound, with a teen’s identity becoming intertwined with their LO.
These impacts on daily life are usually an indicator that your teen may need some extra support.
Coping Strategies for Limerence and Confidence
While limerence and low self-esteem in teens often go hand-in-hand, this doesn’t mean recovery isn’t possible. Helping your teen through limerence involves a two-pronged approach: managing the intense infatuation and building more robust self-esteem. Some practical suggestions for managing infatuation and confidence in teens with limerence include:
Acknowledging and Validating Feelings:
It’s important to acknowledge that your teen’s feelings are real and powerful because dismissing them could lead to teens feeling unable to ask for support if they need it.
Not Engaging in Limerent Behaviors:
Following on from validating feelings, it’s important not to get involved in their obsessive behaviors. For instance, they may appear to be ruminating or asking your opinion on the “hidden meaning” of a text their LO sent. If this happens, you may try to acknowledge how they feel (whether that is anxious, excited, or low). Then, you might want to attempt gently guiding the conversation away from the crush to something else, such as what film to watch that evening or asking about a school project.
Focusing on Internal Validation:
In limerence, self-worth tends to become attached to the LO. To balance this, you could encourage your teen to pick up a hobby that boosts genuine self-esteem. For example, this may look like revisiting an old hobby they loved (such as playing the guitar) or learning a new skill (like making a lasagne from grandma’s secret recipe). This can be an extremely useful and practical way of boosting self-esteem while experiencing limerence.
Trying Mindfulness and Grounding Techniques:
Mindfulness helps you become aware of thoughts without feeling the need to act on them, interrupting obsessive thinking patterns effectively. You may choose to help your teen use mindfulness skills to better control their worries by walking through simple breathing exercises or grounding practices with them.10
Limiting Social Media and Comparison:
It may be useful to talk with your teen about how social media often only shows us the “best” of someone else’s life, rather than a well-rounded view. Additionally, you could encourage them to take breaks from platforms that seem to fuel compulsive checking or cause low moods.
Strategies like those mentioned above can help empower your teen in building resilience and developing a stronger sense of self that is completely separate from the LO.
As we now understand, limerence can affect how stable a teen feels inside, especially when emotions run high. Sometimes, though, it may feel completely overwhelming. This is when professional support for teen self-worth and romantic obsession may be most appropriate, such as therapy.
Therapy for Limerence-Related Low Self-Esteem
It’s important for parents to recognize when a teenage crush turns into limerence and may benefit from professional help.
If you notice any of the following, they could be strong signs that your teen might benefit from extra support for romantic obsession and confidence in teens:10,11
- Limerence interfering with school, friendships, family life, or daily responsibilities
- Unremitting anxiety, depression, irritability, hopelessness, significant mood swings, or distress related to the LO
- Social withdrawal or isolating themselves from people or activities they used to enjoy
- Persistent rumination
- Changes in sleep, appetite, or hygiene directly linked to limerence
- Risky behaviors, including self-harm
While these issues can be alarming, there is some good news: Therapy can make a real difference to how a teen copes with and moves forward from limerence.
Therapy Options
Some of the evidence-based approaches that may help limerent teens with confidence issues include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps teens recognize thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors related to limerence, and allows them to make changes and develop healthier coping mechanisms. A specific type of CBT called “exposure and response prevention” (ERP) is believed to be especially effective for treating limerence.12
- Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): DBT focuses on improving emotional regulation, communication, mindfulness, and distress tolerance – all of which are essential skills for recovery from limerence.
- Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): ACT can help people to accept the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that come with limerence. They can then commit to living their life in line with their own personal values and goals, rather than being dictated by someone else’s opinions or preferences.9
- Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT): Mindfulness helps teens to become aware of their thoughts without acting on them, helping them to disengage from the obsessive nature of limerence.10
The aim of therapy is to equip teens with the skills needed to safely manage the powerful emotions of adolescence, rather than eliminate emotions altogether. By listening, understanding, and supporting them, we can help them see that wanting connection is natural, but that true fulfillment comes from a secure and loving relationship with themselves first.
Mission Prep: Supporting Teens Through Emotional Challenges
Seeing your teen struggle with limerence and low self-esteem can be heartbreaking. However, understanding the complex connection between the two is the first step to providing meaningful help. Remember, your teen isn’t choosing to have obsessive love; they are caught in a powerful and complex state of mind that may be exacerbated by underlying confidence issues.
At Mission Prep, we provide compassionate and effective treatment that empowers teens to break free from the cycle of romantic obsession and to build a foundation for genuine self-worth. Every teenager deserves to discover their inner-strength, find joy through authentic connections, and look forward to a future filled with a happiness that doesn’t depend on anyone else.
If you are concerned that your teen’s crush is affecting them more deeply than it should, know that you are not alone, and help is available. Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your teen and family toward healing.
References
- American Psychological Association (APA). (2018, April 19). Limerence. APA Dictionary of Psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/limerence
- Tennov, D. (1979). Love and limerence: The experience of being in love. New York, NY: Scarborough House.
- Duke, N. (2024, August 29). Is it love or limerence? Here’s how to tell the difference. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/limerence
- Drescher, A. (2024, February 6). What is limerence and how do you overcome it? Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/limerence.html
- American Psychological Association (APA). (2023, November 15). Self-esteem. APA Dictionary of Psychology.https://dictionary.apa.org/self-esteem
- Bradbury, P., Short, E., & Bleakley, P. (2024). Limerence, Hidden Obsession, Fixation, and Rumination: A Scoping Review of Human behaviour. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 40(2), 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-024-09674-x
- Kim O, Jeon HO. (2020) Factors influencing limerence in dating relationships among female college students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 21(2):304-14. https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002559885
- Attachment Project. (2025, November 6). What Is Limerence? Definition and Stages. https://www.attachmentproject.com/love/limerence/
- British Psychological Society (BPS). (2025, May 23). Limerence: when falling in love doesn’t stop. https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/limerence-when-falling-love-doesnt-stop
- Mental Health Hotline. (2026, January 2). Understanding limerence in therapy: What it is, how it affects us, and how therapy can help. https://mentalhealthhotline.org/understanding-limerence-in-therapy/
- Willmott, L., & Bentley, E. (2015). Exploring the Lived-Experience of Limerence: A Journey toward Authenticity. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.1420
- Wyant, B. E. (2021). Treatment of limerence using a Cognitive Behavioral approach: a case study. Journal of Patient Experience, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735211060812